Ya yi aiki a matsayin sarkin Rome na farko, ban da kasancewarsa wanda ya riƙe wannan matsayi mafi tsawo a tsakanin duk waɗanda suka riƙe shi. Its first enemies were its Latin and Etruscan neighbours as well as the Gauls, who even sacked the city in 387 BC. It entered Gaul and took an inland route, to avoid the Roman allies to the south. [88][97], News of the defeat caused a panic in Rome. In its wisdom, the Senate had decided to characterize the gladiator breakout as a tumultusâan emergency. Found inside – Page 37Antony , being raised by the people to his new government of Cisalpine Gaul ... last besieged in the city of Mutina , of which he sent word to the senate . [158] Scipio twice gave battle and destroyed two large Carthaginian armies. There was one more hurdle for Spartacus to clear: Proconsul Gaius Cassius Longinus, governor of Cisalpine Gaul, and his garrison at Mutina. Praetor Publius Varinius was dispatched to take on the slaves, with his colleague Lucius Cossinius marching in support. [114] A second force, under Hannibal's youngest brother Mago, was meant to land in Italy in 215 BC but was diverted to Iberia after a major Carthaginian defeat there. [93][94] Hannibal hoped some of these allies could be persuaded to defect. There is no evidence that he was a social revolutionary who wanted freedom and justice for all. The main source for almost every aspect of the Punic Wars[note 1] is the historian Polybius (c. 200 – c. 118 BC), a Greek sent to Rome in 167 BC as a hostage. Instead, Spartacus became a heavyweight, or murmillo, gladiator, burdened with a staggering 35 to 40 pounds of arms and armor, including the well-known crested helmet. [70], In 218 BC there was some naval skirmishing in the waters around Sicily. Found inside – Page 133While Antony went to Cisalpine Gaul, which Decimus Brutus, the original ... While Antony was besieging D. Brutus in Mutina, Cicero and the Senate were ... [64] In 226 BC the Ebro Treaty was agreed with Rome, specifying the Ebro River as the northern boundary of the Carthaginian sphere of influence. The Battle of Mutina took place on 21 April 43 BC between the forces loyal to the Senate under Consuls Gaius Vibius Pansa and Aulus Hirtius, supported by the forces of Caesar Octavian, and the forces of Mark Antony which were besieging the troops of Decimus Brutus.The latter, one of Caesar's assassins, held the city of Mutina (present-day Modena) in Cisalpine Gaul. However, the Romans broke through the thinned-out center of the Carthaginian line and then defeated each wing separately, inflicting severe losses and taking heavy losses themselves. [4][5] Polybius's work is considered broadly objective and largely neutral as between Carthaginian and Roman points of view. This new Carthaginian invasion was defeated at the Battle of the Metaurus. [53] The immediate cause of the war was the issue of control of the independent Sicilian city state of Messana (modern Messina). [107] The new allies increased the number of fixed points which Hannibal's army was expected to defend from Roman retribution, but provided relatively few fresh troops to assist him in doing so. Slaves grew grain, olives, and fruit trees or tended sheep on large estates owned by a wealthy few. The retired veterans in the vicinity looked upon slave catching with such distaste that few would volunteer. As soon as Spartacus entered the gladiator school, he made sure he got hold of a sica, the traditional weapon of a Thracian warrior. [77] A Roman fleet carrying the Iberian-bound army landed at Rome's ally Massalia (modern Marseille) at the mouth of the Rhone,[78] but Hannibal evaded the Romans and they continued to Iberia. They might ferry him across the strait to Sicily or be persuaded to transport his men back to their homes, or at least to territory not held by the Romans. Free peasant workers were replaced by slaves, chattel who were exempt from military service and were expected to work the year round. [161] Hannibal was placed in command of another army, formed from his veterans from Italy and newly raised troops from Africa, but with few cavalry. Yet beneath the barbarian surface was a man who could think, and think clearly. Sooner or later, the Roman legionsâreal, battle-tested, veteran legionsâwould return, and the rebels would be destroyed. [164] The Roman and allied Numidian cavalry drove the Carthaginian cavalry from the field. However, only part of the besieging force left for Rome and Capua fell soon afterwards. [2][11] The modern historian Andrew Curry sees Polybius as being "fairly reliable";[12] while Craige Champion describes him as "a remarkably well-informed, industrious, and insightful historian". [56] Under the leadership of Hamilcar Barca, Carthage defeated the rebels in 237 BC. Glaber arrived at the foot of the volcano and considered his options. Some even talked wildly of taking Rome. DA: 27 PA: 18 MOZ Rank: 26 Up or Down: Up. Drenched in sweat and bloodâhis own and the enemyâsâSpartacus continued to fight from a prone position before being overwhelmed. In 205 BC this war ended with a negotiated peace. With their disappearance, Spartacus was trapped when Crassus showed up and cut him off in the peninsula forming Italyâs toe. 10,000 talents was approximately 269,000 kilograms (265 long tons) of silver. Found inside – Page 130On April 21 Antony is again bested by forces under Hirtius, who is killed in the Battle of Mutina in Cisalpine Gaul. Antony crosses the Apennines mountain ... The Roman legions forced their way through Hannibal's deliberately weak centre, but Libyan heavy infantry on the wings swung around their advance, menacing their flanks. [126], Carthage sent more reinforcements to Sicily in 211 BC and went on the offensive. Found inside – Page 37Antony , being raised by the people to his new government of Cisalpine Gaul ... last besieged in the city of Mutina , of which he sent word to the senate . [146][79], The Carthaginians suffered a wave of defections of local Celtiberian tribes to Rome. Publius Scipio was the bereaved son of the previous Roman co-commander in Iberia, also named Publius Scipio, and the nephew of the other co-commander, Gnaeus Scipio. The gladiators would stay in Italy, at least for the time being, and they would fight Varinius. The Syracusan army proved no match for the Romans, and by spring 213 BC Syracuse was besieged. This meant the loss of Carthaginian Sicily to Rome under the terms of the Roman-dictated Treaty of Lutatius. Spartacus had his own antidote to such gloom. [143], Hasdrubal received orders from Carthage to move into Italy and join up with Hannibal in order to put pressure on the Romans in their homeland. Brutus - Caesar's Assassin, Kirsty Corrigan Brutus - Caesar's Assassin, Kirsty Corrigan. Kept alive and relatively happy by public games and the government dole, the era of panem et circenisâbread and circusesâhad begun. [150], In the spring of 208 BC, Hasdrubal moved to engage Scipio at the Battle of Baecula. [137], In 205 BC, Mago landed in Genua in north-west Italy with the remnants of his Spanish army (see § Iberia below). Most were runaway slaves, but others were simply disaffected farmers. Marcus Junius Brutus was 'n teenstander van Julius Caesar tydens die burgeroorlog tussen Caesar en Pompeius. An indemnity of 10,000 silver talents[note 7] was to be paid over 50 years. [163] Unlike most battles of the Second Punic War, the Romans had superiority in cavalry and the Carthaginians in infantry. The battle-tested, veteran legions were far away on campaign. They were well armed and well equippedâmuch to Spartacusâs later delightâbut it was all a showy façade. Scouting his position, Spartacus saw that one side of Vesuvius had been left unguarded because the Romans saw it as fairly steep and the surrounding soil as unstable. His surprise entry into the Italian peninsula led to the cancellation of Rome's planned campaign for the year: an invasion of Africa. [79] In 217 BC 40 Carthaginian and Iberian warships were beaten by 35 Roman and Massalian vessels at the Battle of Ebro River, with 29 Carthaginian ships lost. [159], Rome and Carthage entered into peace negotiations, and Carthage recalled Hannibal from Italy. The process had begun as early as the Second Punic War (218-202 bc). [62][63] Hamilcar ruled as a viceroy and was succeeded by his son-in-law, Hasdrubal, in the early 220s BC and then his son, Hannibal, in 221 BC. The Carthaginian formation collapsed; Hannibal was one of the few to escape the field. He was also fortunate in that Italyâs slave population was large and seemingly growing lager by the day. Marcus Junius Brutus a fost un adversar al lui Iulius Cezar în timpul războiului civil dintre Cezar și Pompei. Usually the large landholders won, and the farmers either retreated to marginal land or flocked to cities like Rome, where they became part of the new urban poor. [26][27] When they did they fought as well-armoured heavy infantry armed with long thrusting spears, although they were notoriously ill-trained and ill-disciplined. Hannibal could win allies, but defending them against the Romans was a new and difficult problem, as the Romans could still field multiple armies, which in total greatly outnumbered his own forces. Al año siguiente, otra batalla con los Boii tendría lugar en la misma región; conocida como la Batalla de Mutina , acabaría con la amenaza de Boii. 44-43 BCE • Spring 44: Lepidus in Gaul and Nearer Spain - Vs Sextus Pompey • Nov. 44: Antony towards Cisalpine Gaul - Besieges Mutina (vs Albinus = Caesaricide) 44 44-43 BCE • Jan 43: Anti-Antony campaign (Cicero) - 2 pro-senate consuls (Hirtius and Pansa) - Octavian propraetor + place in the Senate • April 43: - Antony's . Found inside – Page 37Antony being raised by the people to his new government of Cisalpine Gaul ... at last besieged in the city of Mutina , of which he sent word to the senate . Found inside – Page 74Julius my colleague Returned from Gaul so happily established , Great Pompey's ... Mutine ) a pun : the town of Mutina in Cisalpine Gaul ( modern Modena ) ... But this calmed once Sempronius arrived, to preside over the consular elections in the usual manner. Cassius, the father of Julius Caesarâs future murderer, had two legionsâsome 10,000 menâat his disposal. [122][126] It captured several Roman-garrisoned towns on Sicily; many Roman garrisons were either expelled or massacred by Carthaginian partisans. In the autumn of 72, he and his insurgent army were still at large, and from the Roman point of view there was no end in sight. [88] Hannibal marched through the richest and most fertile provinces of Italy, hoping the devastation would draw Fabius into battle, but Fabius refused. Marcus Junius Brutus was an opponent of Julius Caesar during the civil war between Caesar and Pompey. [76] At the Battle of Rhone Crossing, Hannibal defeated a force of local Allobroges which sought to bar his way. [134], In 210 the Carthaginians caught the Romans off guard during their siege of Herdonia and lifted the siege after a pitched battle in which the Romans lost 13,000 men from their army of 20,000. Slavery was big business and could reap huge profits for both buyer and seller. Marcus Junius Brutus fue un oponente de Julio César durante la guerra civil entre César y Pompeyo. Whatever the reason for his desertion, Spartacus was captured and sentenced to be a gladiator. Moving to southern Italy in 216, Hannibal defeated the Romans again at the Battle of Cannae, where he annihilated the largest army the Romans had ever assembled. The Thracians were feared as fierce warriors, with a reputation as hell-raisers not unlike that of the latter-day Vikings. They would be heading away from the Alps and safety, but there was method in Spartacusâs madness. Over time, his legend grew, a vivid tale that resonated through the centuries. Tower Blocks. [60] Hamilcar took the army which he had led to victory in the Mercenary War to Iberia in 237 BC and carved out a quasi-monarchial, autonomous state in southern and eastern Iberia. 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